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Fair Credit Reporting: Mississippi

Child Support Debts Statute: Miss. Code Ann. § 93-11-69.

The Department of Human Services shall make information about child support debts, thirty days or more overdue, available to consumer reporting agencies; fifteen days advance notice and an opportunity to contest the information must be provided to obligors.

Credit Repair Statute: Miss. Code Ann. §§ 81-22-1 to 81-22-28.

Fair Credit Reporting: Missouri

Child Support Debts Statute: Mo. Rev. Stat. § 454.512.

The Family Support Division of the Department of Social Services shall periodically report all child support arrearages and the noncustodial parent shall be provided notice and a reasonable opportunity to contest such information before it is reported.

Credit Information in Personal Insurance Statute: Mo. Rev. Stat. § 375.918.

Fair Credit Reporting: Montana

Child Support Debts Statute: Mont. Code Ann. §§ 40-5-261, 40-5-262.

The Department of Public Health may make information about child support debts available to consumer reporting agencies; advance notice and an opportunity to contest the information’s accuracy must be provided to obligors.

Credit Information in Personal Insurance Statute: Mont. Code Ann. §§ 31-3-115, 33-18-210, 33-18-605, 33-18-612, 33-19-101 to 33-19-409.

Fair Credit Reporting: Nebraska

Credit Information in Personal Insurance Statute: Neb. Rev. Stat. §§ 44-7701 to 44-7712.

Scope: Use of credit information in personal insurance, individually underwritten for personal, family or household purposes: private passenger vehicle, boat, personal watercraft, snowmobile, recreational vehicle, motorcycle, autocycle, homeowners (including manufactured home), and non-commercial fire.

Fair Credit Reporting: Nevada

Child Support Debts Statute: Nev. Rev. Stat. § 598C.110.

Reports shall include information concerning delinquent child support payments if they are presented in an acceptable format by the welfare division or district attorney.

Credit Information in Personal Insurance Statute: Nev. Rev. Stat. §§ 686A.600 to 686A.730.

Scope: Use of credit information in personal insurance, i.e., not commercial, business or surety.

Fair Credit Reporting: New Hampshire

Child Support Debts Statute: N.H. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 161-C:26-a.

Child support delinquencies shall be reported to CRAs unless certain circumstances apply. Obligor will be provided with prior notice that such financial disclosure is authorized and of procedures to contest financial disclosure.

Fair Credit Reporting: South Carolina

Child Support Debts Statute: S.C. Code Ann. § 63-17-2510.

Department of Social Services shall inform agencies of child support arrearages greater than $1000. Obligors must be given notice and an opportunity to contest accuracy of the information.

Data Security Breach Statute (Insurance Data Security Act): S.C. Code Ann. §§ 38-99-10 to 38-99-100.

Fair Credit Reporting: South Dakota

Child Support Debts Statute: S.D. Codified Laws § 28-1-69.

Department of Social Services may provide information on overdue support to consumer reporting agency at request of agency, or in the discretion of the secretary. Must notify obligor of proposed release of information, and the procedure for contesting the accuracy of the information.

Data Security Breach Statute: S.D. Codified Laws §§ 22-40-19 to 22-40-26.

Fair Credit Reporting: Tennessee

Child Support Debts Statute: Tenn. Code Ann. § 36-5-106.

The Department of Human Services shall report child support arrearages to agencies and also those who are current with their payments. Must provide obligor with notice and an opportunity to contest accuracy of information before release.

Credit Repair Statute: Tenn. Code Ann. §§ 47-18-1001 to 47-18-1011.

Fair Credit Reporting: Texas

Child Support Debts Statute: Tex. Fam. Code Ann. § 231.114 (West).

Amount of child support owed and amount paid shall be reported to consumer reporting agencies, after thirty days’ notice and an opportunity to contest the accuracy of the information is given to the obligor.

Credit Repair Statute: Tex. Fin. Code Ann. §§ 393.001 to 393.505 (West).

Covered Activities: Improving credit record or obtaining extension of credit, in return for money or other consideration.

Fair Credit Reporting: Utah

Child Support Debts Statute: Utah Code Ann. § 62A-11-327 (West).

Child support delinquencies shall be reported to CRAs after obligor has been afforded notice and a reasonable opportunity to contest the accuracy of the information.

Credit Information in Personal Insurance Statute: Utah Code Ann. §§ 31A-22-320, 31A-22-1307 (West).

Fair Credit Reporting: Vermont

Child Support Debts Statute: Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 15, § 793.

Arrearage equal to at least one-quarter of the annual child support obligation may be reported if the obligor is given notice by first class mail or other means likely to give actual notice and given a period not to exceed twenty days to contest the accuracy of the information. Office of child support must immediately report increases or decreases in the account balance of previously reported accounts.

Fair Credit Reporting: Virginia

Child Support Debts Statute: Va. Code Ann. § 63.2-1940.

Child Support Enforcement Division shall report child support arrears to consumer reporting agencies. Obligors must be notified prior to release of information and given a reasonable opportunity to contest accuracy of information.

Credit Information in Personal Insurance Statute: Va. Code Ann. §§ 38.2-2114, 38.2-2126, 38.2-2212, 38.2-2234.

Fair Credit Reporting: Virgin Islands

Child Support Debts Statute: V.I. Code Ann. tit. 16, § 366.

Child support delinquencies shall be reported to CRAs after advance notice to obligor and notice of right to file an appeal.

Data Security Breach Statute: V.I. Code Ann. tit. 14, §§ 2208 to 2212.

Fair Credit Reporting: Washington

Credit Information in Personal Insurance Statute: Wash. Rev. Code. § 48.19.035.

Scope: Use of credit information in personal insurance rates, premiums, or eligibility.

Disclosures: Must disclose that it may obtain credit information and, if adverse action taken, must disclose in clear and specific language the reasons for adverse action.176

Fair Credit Reporting: 16.1 Introduction

A credit score is a number compiled from a consumer’s file at a consumer reporting agency (CRA), sometimes in conjunction with information obtained from a credit application or other sources. Credit scores are used as a factor, sometimes the sole factor, in determining whether to grant credit to a consumer. The credit score may be the single most influential, critical piece of information associated with a consumer’s file at a CRA.

Fair Credit Reporting: 16.2.2.3 Custom Versus Generic Scores

Historically, most credit scoring systems were custom models built for a particular lender or user. These models were developed using data in the lender’s own customer files. The factors in the model and the weights assigned to each factor were derived from the characteristics of the lender’s customer base, and the lender’s experience with each customer.30

Fair Credit Reporting: 16.2.2.4 Specialty Scores

Some credit scoring models are designed for specific purposes or for specific industries.33 For example, FICO offers a specialty score for automobile finance34 and a risk assessment scores for utility providers.35 Indeed, FICO alone has forty-nine different scoring models,36 with twenty-eight of them used most often, discussed in more detail at

Fair Credit Reporting: 16.2.2.5 Credit Application Scores

Credit application scores combine credit history information with information derived from an application for a particular type of credit.55 This information may include employment history, income, loan collateral, debt-to-income ratio and cash reserves. Credit application scores are often used for automobile loan and mortgage applications.

Fair Credit Reporting: 16.2.3.1 FCRA Definition

The Fair Credit Reporting Act defines a credit score as:

[A] numerical value or a categorization derived from a statistical tool or modeling system used by a person who makes or arranges a loan to predict the likelihood of certain credit behaviors, including default (and the numerical value or the categorization derived from such analysis may be referred to as a “risk predictor” or “risk score”).60

Fair Credit Reporting: 16.3.1.1 Ubiquity of Credit Scores

The use of credit scores in determining whether to extend consumer credit, and the terms of that credit, has grown dramatically in the past few decades, particularly in the home mortgage business. Over ninety percent of mortgage lenders and credit-card issuers use credit scores in making lending decisions.77 The leading scoring provider, FICO, reports that ten billion of its scores are purchased every year.78