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Fair Credit Reporting: (b) Enforcement by other agencies.

(1) In general. Subject to subtitle B of the Consumer Financial Protection Act of 2010, compliance with the requirements imposed under this subchapter with respect to consumer reporting agencies, persons who use consumer reports from such agencies, persons who furnish information to such agencies, and users of information that are subject to subsection (d) of section 1681m shall be enforced under—

Fair Credit Reporting: (c) State action for violations.

(1) Authority of States. In addition to such other remedies as are provided under State law, if the chief law enforcement officer of a State, or an official or agency designated by a State, has reason to believe that any person has violated or is violating this subchapter, the State—

(A) may bring an action to enjoin such violation in any appropriate United States district court or in any other court of competent jurisdiction;

Fair Credit Reporting: (d) Enforcement under other authority.

For the purpose of the exercise by any agency referred to in subsection (b) of this section of its powers under any Act referred to in that subsection, a violation of any requirement imposed under this subchapter shall be deemed to be a violation of a requirement imposed under that Act.

Fair Credit Reporting: (e) Regulatory authority.

(1) In general. The Bureau shall prescribe such regulations as necessary to carry out the purposes of this title, except with respect to sections 15 U.S.C. §§ 1681m(e) and 1681w. The Bureau may prescribe regulations as may be necessary or appropriate to administer and carry out the purposes and objectives of this title, and to prevent evasions thereof or to facilitate compliance therewith.

Fair Credit Reporting: (f) Coordination of consumer complaint investigations.

(1) In general. Each consumer reporting agency described in section 1681a(p) shall develop and maintain procedures for the referral to each other such agency of any consumer complaint received by the agency alleging identity theft, or requesting a fraud alert under section 1681c-1 or a block under section 1681c-2.

Fair Credit Reporting: (g) Bureau regulation of coding of trade names.

If the Bureau determines that a person described in paragraph (9) of section 1681s-2(a) has not met the requirements of such paragraph, the Bureau shall take action to ensure the person’s compliance with such paragraph, which may include issuing model guidance or prescribing reasonable policies and procedures, as necessary to ensure that such person complies with such paragraph.

Fair Credit Reporting: Amendment History

[Pub. L. No. 90-321, tit. VI, § 621, as added by Pub. L. No. 91-508, 84 Stat. 1134 (Oct. 26, 1970), and amended by Pub. L. No. 98-443, 98 Stat. 1708 (Oct. 4, 1984); Pub. L. No. 101-73, 103 Stat. 439 (Aug. 9, 1989); Pub. L. No. 102-242, 105 Stat. 2300 (Dec. 19, 1991); Pub. L. No. 102-550, 106 Stat. 4082 (Oct. 28, 1992); Pub. L. No. 104-88, 109 Stat. 948 (Dec. 29, 1995); Pub. L. No. 104-208, 110 Stat. 3009 (Sept. 30, 1996); Pub. L. No. 105-347, 112 Stat. 3211 (Nov. 2, 1998); Pub. L. No. 106-102, 113 Stat. 1441 (Nov. 12, 1999); Pub. L. No. 108-159, 117 Stat. 1966 (Dec.

Fair Credit Reporting: (a) Duty of furnishers of information to provide accurate information.

(1) Prohibition.

(A) Reporting information with actual knowledge of errors. A person shall not furnish any information relating to a consumer to any consumer reporting agency if the person knows or has reasonable cause to believe that the information is inaccurate.

(B) Reporting information after notice and confirmation of errors. A person shall not furnish information relating to a consumer to any consumer reporting agency if—

Fair Credit Reporting: (c) Limitation on liability.

Except as provided in section 1681s(c)(1)(B), sections 1681n and 1681o do not apply to any violation of—

(1) subsection (a) of this section, including any regulations issued thereunder;

(2) subsection (e) of this section, except that nothing in this paragraph shall limit, expand, or otherwise affect liability under section 1681n or 1681o, as applicable, for violations of subsection (b) of this section; or

Fair Credit Reporting: (d) Limitation on enforcement.

The provisions of law described in paragraphs (1) through (3) of subsection (c) (other than with respect to the exception described in paragraph (2) of subsection (c)) shall be enforced exclusively as provided under section 1681s by the Federal agencies and officials and the State officials identified in section 1681s.

Fair Credit Reporting: (e) Accuracy guidelines and regulations required.

(1) Guidelines. The Bureau shall, with respect to persons or entities that are subject to the enforcement authority of the Bureau under section 1681s—

(A) establish and maintain guidelines for use by each person that furnishes information to a consumer reporting agency regarding the accuracy and integrity of the information relating to consumers that such entities furnish to consumer reporting agencies, and update such guidelines as often as necessary; and

Fair Credit Reporting: Amendment History

[Pub. L. No. 90-321, tit. VI, § 623, as added by Pub. L. No. 104-208, 110 Stat. 3009 (Sept. 30, 1996), and amended by Pub. L. No. 108-159, 117 Stat. 1966 (Dec. 4, 2003); Pub. L. No. 111-203, 124 Stat. 1376 (July 21, 2010); Pub. L. No. 115-174, 132 Stat. 1366 (May 24, 2018); Pub. L. No. 116-136, 134 Stat. 489 (Mar. 27, 2020)]

Fair Credit Reporting: § 1681s-3. Affiliate sharing [FCRA § 624]

(a) Special rule for solicitation for purposes of marketing.

(1) Notice. Any person that receives from another person related to it by common ownership or affiliated by corporate control a communication of information that would be a consumer report, but for clauses (i), (ii), and (iii) of section 1681a(d)(2)(A), may not use the information to make a solicitation for marketing purposes to a consumer about its products or services, unless—

Fair Credit Reporting: § 1681t. Relation to State laws [FCRA § 625]

(a) In general. Except as provided in subsections (b) and (c) of this section, this subchapter does not annul, alter, affect, or exempt any person subject to the provisions of this subchapter from complying with the laws of any State with respect to the collection, distribution, or use of any information on consumers, or for the prevention or mitigation of identity theft, except to the extent that those laws are inconsistent with any provision of this subchapter, and then only to the extent of the inconsistency.

Fair Credit Reporting: (a) Identity of financial institutions.

Notwithstanding section 1681b of this title or any other provision of this subchapter, a consumer reporting agency shall furnish to the Federal Bureau of Investigation the names and addresses of all financial institutions (as that term is defined in section 3401 of Title 12) at which a consumer maintains or has maintained an account, to the extent that information is in the files of the agency, when presented with a written request for that information that includes a term that specifically identifies a consumer or account to be used as the basis for the production of

Fair Credit Reporting: (b) Identifying information.

Notwithstanding the provisions of section 1681b of this title or any other provision of this subchapter, a consumer reporting agency shall furnish identifying information respecting a consumer, limited to name, address, former addresses, places of employment, or former places of employment, to the Federal Bureau of Investigation when presented with a written request that includes a term that specifically identifies a consumer or account to be used as the basis for the production of that information, signed by the Director or the Director’s designee in a position not lo

Fair Credit Reporting: (c) Court order for disclosure of consumer reports.

Notwithstanding section 1681b of this title or any other provision of this subchapter, if requested in writing by the Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, or a designee of the Director in a position not lower than Deputy Assistant Director at Bureau headquarters or a Special Agent in Charge in a Bureau field office designated by the Director, a court may issue an order ex parte, which shall include a term that specifically identifies a consumer or account to be used as the basis for the production of the information, directing a consumer reporting agency to

Fair Credit Reporting: (e) Judicial review.

(1) In general. A request under subsection (a) or (b) or an order under subsection (c) or a non-disclosure requirement imposed in connection with such request under subsection (d) shall be subject to judicial review under section 3511 of Title 18.

(2) Notice. A request under subsection (a) or (b) or an order under subsection (c) shall include notice of the availability of judicial review described in paragraph (1).

Fair Credit Reporting: (f) Payment of fees.

The Federal Bureau of Investigation shall, subject to the availability of appropriations, pay to the consumer reporting agency assembling or providing report or information in accordance with procedures established under this section a fee for reimbursement for such costs as are reasonably necessary and which have been directly incurred in searching, reproducing, or transporting books, papers, records, or other data required or requested to be produced under this section.

Fair Credit Reporting: (g) Limit on dissemination.

The Federal Bureau of Investigation may not disseminate information obtained pursuant to this section outside of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, except to other Federal agencies as may be necessary for the approval or conduct of a foreign counterintelligence investigation, or, where the information concerns a person subject to the Uniform Code of Military Justice, to appropriate investigative authorities within the military department concerned as may be necessary for the conduct of a joint foreign counterintelligence investigation.

Fair Credit Reporting: (h) Rules of construction.

Nothing in this section shall be construed to prohibit information from being furnished by the Federal Bureau of Investigation pursuant to a subpoena or court order, in connection with a judicial or administrative proceeding to enforce the provisions of this subchapter. Nothing in this section shall be construed to authorize or permit the withholding of information from the Congress.

Fair Credit Reporting: (i) Reports to Congress.

(1) On a semiannual basis, the Attorney General shall fully inform the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence and the Committee on Banking, Finance and Urban Affairs of the House of Representatives, and the Select Committee on Intelligence and the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate concerning all requests made pursuant to subsections (a), (b), and (c) of this section.