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Fair Credit Reporting: FCRA § 609, 15 U.S.C. § 1681g Disclosures to Consumers (see also FCRA §§ 610, 612)

Carson (Apr. 8, 1971)

Conway (May 3, 1971)

Martin (May 26, 1971)

Martin (June 11, 1971)

Carson (Apr. 13, 1972)

Bragg (May 15, 1972)

Grimes (Feb. 23, 1973)

Conway (Sept. 11, 1973)

Russell (Sept. 18, 1973)

Grimes (Jan. 9, 1973)

Peeler (Apr. 15, 1974)

Russell (May 15, 1974)

Feldman (May 22, 1974)

Feldman (May 30, 1974)

Dea (July 19, 1974)

Feldman (Aug. 21, 1974)

White (Apr. 9, 1976)

Peeler (Aug. 23, 1976)

Peeler (Mar. 23, 1977)

Peeler (Jan. 4, 1978)

Fair Credit Reporting: FCRA § 610, 15 U.S.C. § 1681h Conditions of Disclosure to Consumers (see also FCRA § 609)

Conway (May 3, 1971)

Carson (Apr. 13, 1972)

Russell (Sept. 18, 1973)

Grimes (Jan. 9, 1974)

Feldman (May 22, 1974)

Feldman (May 30, 1974)

Peeler (Mar. 23, 1977)

Peeler (Apr. 12, 1979)

Brinckerhoff (Nov. 23, 1983)

Harlow (Apr. 17, 1984)

Brinckerhoff (Aug. 29, 1985)

Grimes (Oct. 8, 1986)

Grimes (Oct. 10, 1986)

Grimes (Dec. 15, 1986)

Brinckerhoff (Aug. 4, 1987)

Brinckerhoff #1 (Sept. 11, 1987)

Brinckerhoff #2 (Sept. 11, 1987)

Brinckerhoff (Oct. 27, 1987)

Noonan (Mar. 15, 1989)

Fair Credit Reporting: FCRA § 611, 15 U.S.C. § 1681i Procedure in Case of Disputed Accuracy (see also FCRA § 612)

Conway (May 3, 1971)

Russell (Jan. 30, 1973)

Conway (Aug. 27, 1973)

Grimes (Jan. 9, 1974)

Feldman (Apr. 18, 1974)

Dea (July 19, 1974)

Feldman (Aug. 21, 1974)

Feldman (Aug. 30, 1974)

Peeler (Mar. 8, 1976)

Peeler (c. Apr. 1976)

Peeler (Aug. 23, 1976)

Peeler (Mar. 22, 1977)

Cook (Apr. 22, 1977)

Goldfarb (July 20, 1978)

Peeler (July 25, 1978)

Peeler (Nov. 7, 1978)

Federbush (Mar. 10, 1983)

Oliver (June 10, 1983)

Peeler (Aug. 9, 1983)

Brinckerhoff (Oct. 20, 1983)

Fair Credit Reporting: FCRA § 612, 15 U.S.C. § 1681j Charges for Certain Disclosures

Feldman (May 30, 1974)

Feldman (May 31, 1974)

Feldman (Aug. 30, 1974)

Peeler (Aug. 23, 1976)

Peeler (Mar. 20, 1977)

Brinckerhoff (July 30, 1985)

Brinckerhoff (Oct. 17, 1985)

Grimes (Apr. 30, 1986)

Grimes (Oct. 8, 1986)

Grimes (Oct. 10, 1986)

Grimes (Dec. 15, 1986)

Brinckerhoff # 1 (Sept. 11, 1987)

Jerison (Feb. 5, 1988)

Grimes (Jan. 17, 1989)

Brinckerhoff (June 26, 1998) Lee

Keller (Aug. 1, 2000) Cohan

Fair Credit Reporting: FCRA § 615, 15 U.S.C. § 1681m Requirements of Users of Consumer Reports

Carson (Apr. 9, 1971)

Silbergeld (Apr. 15, 1971)

Kahn (Apr. 27, 1971)

Conway (May 3, 1971)

Feldman (May 5, 1971)

Carson (May 21, 1971)

Wan (June 2, 1971)

Bragg (Dec. 3, 1971)

Carson (c. Jan. 12, 1973)

Russell (Jan. 30, 1973)

Grimes (July 5, 1973)

Wan (July 5, 1973)

Russell (Sept. 27, 1973)

Grimes (Dec. 19, 1973)

Grimes (Jan. 9, 1974)

Russell (Jan. 21, 1974)

Feldman (Apr. 18, 1974)

Russell (May 15, 1974)

Feldman (Aug. 30, 1974)

Feldman (Sept. 5, 1974)

Fair Credit Reporting: A.1 Cross-Reference Table of 15 U.S.C. Section Numbers with Fair Credit Reporting Act Section Numbers

When referring to the Fair Credit Reporting Act, this treatise cites the section numbers as contained in Title 15 of the United States Code. However, many cases and articles instead refer to the Act’s uncodified section numbers. The following table cross-references each United State Code section to the corresponding uncodified Act section. In addition, parenthetical references to the Act section are found at the end of each U.S.C. section reprinted in this appendix.

Fair Credit Reporting: A.2.1 Overview

This Appendix contains the current version of the Fair Credit Reporting Act. A number of prior versions of the FCRA and related Congressional Acts, are available online as companion materials to this treatise, under “Primary Sources.”

Fair Credit Reporting: § 1681. Congressional findings and statement of purpose [FCRA § 602]

(a) Accuracy and fairness of credit reporting. The Congress makes the following findings:

(1) The banking system is dependent upon fair and accurate credit reporting. Inaccurate credit reports directly impair the efficiency of the banking system, and unfair credit reporting methods undermine the public confidence which is essential to the continued functioning of the banking system.

Fair Credit Reporting: §§ 1681a(a) through 1681a(d)

(a) Definitions and rules of construction set forth in this section are applicable for the purposes of this subchapter.

(b) The term “person” means any individual, partnership, corporation, trust, estate, cooperative, association, government or governmental subdivision or agency, or other entity.

(c) The term “consumer” means an individual.

(d) Consumer report.

Fair Credit Reporting: §§ 1681a(e) through 1681a(k)

(e) The term “investigative consumer report” means a consumer report or portion thereof in which information on a consumer’s character, general reputation, personal characteristics, or mode of living is obtained through personal interviews with neighbors, friends, or associates of the consumer reported on or with others with whom he is acquainted or who may have knowledge concerning any such items of information.

Fair Credit Reporting: §§ 1681a(l) through 1681a(o)

(l) Firm offer of credit or insurance. The term “firm offer of credit or insurance” means any offer of credit or insurance to a consumer that will be honored if the consumer is determined, based on information in a consumer report on the consumer, to meet the specific criteria used to select the consumer for the offer, except that the offer may be further conditioned on one or more of the following:

Fair Credit Reporting: §§ 1681a(p) through 1681a(r)

(p) Consumer reporting agency that compiles and maintains files on consumers on a nationwide basis. The term “consumer reporting agency that compiles and maintains files on consumers on a nationwide basis” means a consumer reporting agency that regularly engages in the practice of assembling or evaluating, and maintaining, for the purpose of furnishing consumer reports to third parties bearing on a consumer’s credit worthiness, credit standing, or credit capacity, each of the following regarding consumers residing nationwide:

Fair Credit Reporting: §§ 1681a(s) through 1681a(aa)

(s) Federal banking agency. The term “Federal banking agency” has the same meaning as in section 3 of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act.

(t) Financial institution. The term “financial institution” means a State or National bank, a State or Federal savings and loan association, a mutual savings bank, a State or Federal credit union, or any other person that, directly or indirectly, holds a transaction account (as defined in section 19(b) of the Federal Reserve Act) belonging to a consumer.

Fair Credit Reporting: Amendment History

[Pub. L. No. 90-321, tit. VI, § 603, as added Pub. L. No. 91-508, 84 Stat. 1128 (Oct. 26, 1970), and amended by Pub. L. No. 102-537, 106 Stat. 3531 (Oct. 27, 1992); Pub. L. No. 104-208, 110 Stat. 3009 (Sept. 30, 1996); Pub. L. 105-347, 112 Stat. 3211 (Nov. 2, 1998); Pub. L. No. 108-159, 117 Stat. 1954 (Dec. 4, 2003); Pub. L. No. 111-203, 124 Stat. 1376 (July 21, 2010); Pub. L. No. 111-174, 132 Stat. 1333 (May 24, 2018)]

Fair Credit Reporting: (a) In general.

Subject to subsection (c) of this section, any consumer reporting agency may furnish a consumer report under the following circumstances and no other:

(1) In response to the order of a court having jurisdiction to issue such an order, a subpoena issued in connection with proceedings before a Federal grand jury, or a subpoena issued in accordance with section 5318 of title 31 or section 3486 of title 18.