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Truth in Lending: 6.6.8.2 Balance Computation Disclosure in the Account Agreement or Other Disclosure

The creditor must include a more detailed explanation of the balance computation method in the account agreement or other account-opening disclosures.1216 This explanation must be more detailed than the just the name of the method used in the application/solicitation and account-opening tables.1217 The model form found at appendix G-11218 of Regulation Z gives an example: “We figure the finance charge on your account by applying the periodic

Truth in Lending: 6.6.9 Available Credit Disclosure for Subprime Cards

Creditors are required to disclose the amount of available credit in the account-opening table if the fees for the issuance or availability of credit, along with any security deposit, charged to the account exceed 15% of the account’s credit line.1223 If the threshold is met, the issuer must disclose the available credit remaining after these fees or security deposit are debited to the account.1224 Furthermore, the Credit CARD Act substantively limits the amount of fees that can be charged t

Truth in Lending: 6.6.10 Disclosure of Security Interests

If there is or may be a security interest, as defined in Regulation Z,1237 in connection with the account, the creditor must disclose this fact.1238 This disclosure is not included in the account-opening table, but in the account agreement or other disclosures.1239 This disclosure, like the rest of the account opening disclosures,1240 can be given at the same time the consumer receives the car

Truth in Lending: 6.6.12 Voluntary Credit Insurance, Debt Cancellation, or Debt Suspension Disclosures

The account agreement or account-opening disclosures must include certain disclosures about voluntary credit insurance, debt cancellation, or debt suspension products.1272 These disclosures are necessary if the creditor wishes to exclude credit insurance from the finance charge, as they include disclosures as to the voluntary nature of the credit insurance and its unit cost basis.1273 The consumer must also sign or initial the insurance request after receiving the disclosure.

Truth in Lending: 6.6.13 Remedies for Account-Opening Disclosure Violations

The consumer is entitled to actual and statutory damages for any violation of the account-opening disclosure requirements.1277 The last paragraph of TILA’s civil liability provision, section 1640(a), specifically states that statutory damages are available for violations of section 1637(a).1278 As with any TILA litigation around disclosures, practitioners in federal court must be mindful to show that a violation of the account-opening disclosure requirements caused a concrete injury to the c

Truth in Lending: 6.7.1.1 Introduction

For all forms of open-end credit, once the customer has taken advantage of the credit offered, the creditor is required to send periodic statements.1280 Where both a creditor and an agent for the creditor exist, each may send a statement which reflects the customer’s obligation to that creditor.1281

Truth in Lending: 6.7.1.2.1 General

The periodic statement must be sent to the customer at the end of each billing cycle if either a finance charge has been imposed during the cycle, or if there is an outstanding debit or credit balance of more than $1 at the end of the cycle.1282 If there is no amount owing, no statement need be sent.1283

Truth in Lending: 6.7.1.2.2 Accounts in default

If an account is in default, the creditor need not send periodic statements in certain circumstances.1287 These circumstances were amended effective 2010 and are now limited to a default in one of these following situations:1288

Truth in Lending: 6.7.1.4 Form of Delivery

The periodic statement must be mailed or delivered to the consumer1304 unless the consumer opts to pick it up.1305 The federal E-Sign Act allows electronic delivery if the consumer and the creditor have gone through its consent and confirmation-of-consent requirements.1306 The CFPB has expressed concerns about electronic delivery of periodic statements, particularly the possibility that consumers might not “open” these statements and thus wou

Truth in Lending: 6.7.1.6 Format Requirements

Regulation Z imposes a number of formatting requirements on periodic statements. Interest charges and fees must be grouped together.1333 The payment due date must be disclosed on the front of the first page of the periodic statement, together with any late-payment fee and penalty rate for late payment in close proximity.1334 The ending balance and minimum payment warning must be disclosed “closely proximate” to the minimum payment.

Truth in Lending: 6.7.1.7 Hybrid Prepaid-Credit Cards

For hybrid prepaid-credit cards,1337 issuers must provide written periodic statements with respect to the credit feature that meet the requirements of Regulation Z.1338 For the asset feature of such cards, issuers need only comply with Regulation E’s requirements.1339 Issuers may, however, combine the information about the credit feature and about the asset feature on one periodic statement, which must comply with both Regulation Z and Regula

Truth in Lending: 6.7.2.1.1 General

The Credit CARD Act specifically mandates that the periodic statement be mailed or delivered twenty-one days before the due date.1343 The Credit CARD Technical Corrections Act of 2009 limited this requirement to only credit cards under an open-end (not home-secured) consumer credit plan.1344 However, for all other open-end credit plans, the creditor must mail or deliver the periodic statement at least fourteen days before the due date.1345

Truth in Lending: 6.7.2.1.2 Due date; grace period defined

The due date for purposes of the twenty-one-day requirement is the same due date required to be disclosed under Regulation Z § 1026.7(b)(11).1349 Some creditors will provide a “courtesy period” of a few days after the formal due date, during which the creditor will not impose a late fee if the payment is received by then.

Truth in Lending: 6.7.2.1.3 No late penalties or finance charges during twenty-one days after the statement is mailed or delivered

If the issuer fails to provide this twenty-one-day period, it is prohibited from treating any payment as late for any purpose.1357 Regulation Z modifies this prohibition to apply to only those payments received within twenty-one days after the mailing or delivery of the periodic statement.1358 Thus, if the issuer fails to provide twenty-one days but the payment is received forty-five days after the mailing of the statement, the issuer is permitted to treat the payment as late.

Truth in Lending: 6.7.2.1.4 Reasonable procedures, not proof of mailing or receipt required

Regulation Z implements this provision by requiring creditors to have “reasonable procedures” designed to ensure that periodic statements are mailed or delivered twenty-one days prior to the payment due date and end of the grace period.1362 Thus, a lender is not required to determine the specific date on which a statement is mailed or delivered; rather, the lender will comply with the rule if it has adopted “reasonable procedures.”1363

Truth in Lending: 6.7.2.1.5 In-person pick-up

If a consumer initiates a request to pick up a statement, the creditor may make the statement available; however, creditors cannot require consumers to make a pick-up.1366 In such cases, the statement must be made available twenty-one days prior to the payment due date and end of the grace period.1367

Truth in Lending: 6.7.2.1.6 Special rules for charge cards; charged-off accounts

The requirement that statements be sent twenty-one days prior to the due date applies to charge cards.1368 Because charge cards are not required to disclose the payment due date,1369 the requirement is modified so that charge card issuers must have reasonable procedures designed to ensure that a payment is not treated as late for any purpose during the twenty-one-day period following mailing or delivery of a charge card statement.1370 The twe

Truth in Lending: 6.7.2.1.7 Enforcement of right

An issuer’s violation of the requirement to mail or deliver periodic statements twenty-one days before the due date is subject to TILA’s private right of action.1376 However, simply alleging that a statement was untimely is not sufficient to assert a claim for this violation.

Truth in Lending: 6.7.2.2 “Billing Cycle”

Regulation Z defines a billing cycle as an interval between regular periodic statements.1378 A cycle includes statements which are sent regularly to inform the customer of the status of the account, or to summarize activity in the account during the period.1379 For example, credit unions generally send quarterly statements which are not for billing purposes. The statements summarize account activity for the quarter, showing deposits, withdrawals, and loan payments and interest.

Truth in Lending: 6.7.3 Disclosure of Beginning Balance

The periodic statement must disclose the previous balance, i.e., the balance owed at the beginning of the billing period.1387 If the debtor has a positive credit balance, this must be clearly identified so the consumer understands the creditor owes the consumer money.1388 Nevertheless, use of the abbreviation CR, if it is explained elsewhere in the statement, adequately identifies the fact that the consumer has a credit balance.1389 The credi

Truth in Lending: 6.7.4.1 General

Each advance, loan, or purchase on an open-end credit account or charge card must be identified, at least as to date and amount, so that the consumer can verify the transaction or question it under the billing error procedures. Transactions must be identified on or with the first periodic statement on which the transaction appears.